Young was also known for his eccentric personal style that manifested itself in his playing, clothes, and manner of speech. Between the most outstanding events is the apogee of the French revolution led by Napoleon Bonapart during the year 1789, but it wasn’t until the romanticism (XVIII century) when it reached its highest peak. There's a difference. His nickname, “Prez,” was given to him by Billie Holiday. He could play stride piano in the style of James P. Johnson and Fats Waller but took his music beyond the conventions of jazz at the time. More broadly, from the Fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance A multi-talented man, Henderson was a skilled pianist, composer, arranger, and bandleader. In the history of Western classical music, the Medieval period or music of the Middle Ages was the first and longest period, lasting from the 6th to the 15th century. He led one of the most popular bands in New York in the 1920s and 30s. Curiously, it was because of Wagner that Italian composer Meyerbeer has remained in obscurity until recently. In the '30s, he began leading a band for a weekly dance radio show, for which he bought several of Fletcher Henderson’s arrangements. Webster spent the last decade of his life and career as a jazz celebrity in Copenhagen, Denmark. Louis Jordan 25. Later, he toured the world as a soloist. Count Basie 8. While bebop was never as popular with the general public as swing. Kay Kyser 22. Ink Spots 18. ... Dexter Gordon and Stan Getz were two prominent bebop. Mills Brothers 26. Miller appeared in two of the most successful big-band centered Hollywood films: Sun Valley Serenade (1941) and Orchestra Wives (1942). However, singers were not part of the Musicians Union, and thus they were not on strike and could be recorded. Amongst musical theater composers, there are an elite few who have become world renowned. His proficiency and ease in all registers of the trumpet and his double time melodic lines became a model for bebop musicians. Within the 6-year life of this program, 8 million disks were shipped to men overseas. Hal Kemp 16. Folk music from the old country split into country and folk two worlds that were mutually exclusive. At its best, swing achieved an art of improvisation in which current harmonic conventions counterbalanced the stylistic individuality of its great creators. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Hawkins’ influence lasted throughout the advent of bebop and later styles, as instrumentalists attempted to reach for his level of harmonic sophistication and virtuosity. This structure encouraged a relatively simple compositional technique: sections were played off against each other, sometimes in counterpoint, sometimes in musical dialogue. Two of the more famous Swing band leaders were Tommy Dorsey and Harry James. We’ve discussed and debated and compiled our list of the greatest and most influential classical composers. Trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie was one of the leading figures of bebop. In 1933, he moved to Kansas City where he eventually joined Count Basie’s big band. Michael Verity is a jazz musician, writer, and photographer and a regular contributor many music industry niche sites. Armstrong, who had heavily influenced jazz as its greatest soloist in the 1920s when working with both small bands and larger ones, now appeared only with big swing bands. Eldridge was an influence on later jazz musicians, like Dizzy Gillespie. Syncopated rhythm, flatted "blue" notes, unusual instrument sounds, improvisation ... ragtime and blues were the three major influences on early jazz. However, most swing bands were signed to Columbia and Victor Records. Artie Shaw 3. Jimmy Dorsey 21. A friend of Leonard but no relation, Brooklyn-born Elmer is most famous for his numerous film scores. In this article, we look at that select group of musicians who are possibly best-known as jazz composers. ... What was the most popular style of jazz in the 1930s and early 1940s? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Duke Ellington's original 14-member band included such musicians as cornetist Rex Stewart, trombonist Lawrence Brown, baritone saxophonist Harry Carney, and alto saxophonist Johnny Hodges. Young's warm tone and relaxed, melodic approach on the tenor sax was not often well-received by audiences used to the harsh, aggressive sound of Coleman Hawkins. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Do you know the members of Led Zeppelin? Swing music has a compelling momentum that results from musicians’ attacks and accenting in relation to fixed beats. Read my artist profile of Fletcher Henderson. After World War II Swing began to decline in popularity, and jump blues and bebop gained popularity. He was much famous for his operas, anthems and also the concerts done at different places. Imagine a world without the dulcet songs from Into the Woods, Anything Goes, Phantom of the Opera, Wicked and Little Shop of Horrors. During this period, artists developed styles that influenced later musicians and subsets of jazz, from bebop and beyond. It would persist as the premiere popular format for decades. George Shearing 13. Swing rhythms defy any narrower definition, and the music has never been notated exactly. The German composer and pianist Ludwig van Beethoven is widely regarded as the greatest composer who ever lived. Swing is sometimes considered a partial dilution of the jazz tradition because it organized musicians into larger groups (commonly 12 to 16 players) and required them to play a far higher proportion of written music than had been thought compatible with the fundamentally improvisatory character of jazz. Pianist William “Count” Basie began to garner attention when he moved to Kansas City—a hotbed of jazz—to play with Bennie Moten’s big band in 1929. Top 10 Baroque composers (updated 2019) Gramophone Saturday, January 5, 2019 From around 1600 to 1750, the Baroque period witnessed the creation of some of the greatest masterpieces ever composed. This music, played by a very small ensemble, was much more sophisticated and complex. To succeed on a national scale, a band—especially its leader—had to be commercially exploitable, and in this period of American history this meant that its leader and members had to be white. A multi-talented man,... Duke Ellington. The most popular and emblematic of the decade were Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers who sang and danced together on screen as as two of the most famous stars in Hollywood. Many pieces in his repertoire are now considered jazz standards. In 1942, Miller gave up his position as leader of America's most popular swing band in order to serve the war effort. He is best known for his time spent in Duke Ellington’s band, in which he was the leading tenor soloist for about eight years from 1935 to 1943. Harry James 17. In country music, artists such as Jimmie Rodgers, Moon Mullican and Bob Wills … Some of his most famous recordings were made with singers, including Joe Williams, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, and Tony Bennet. 10 Important Swing Era Jazz Musicians Fletcher Henderson. His virtuosity, technique, and harmonic innovations set the standard for bebop musicians in the 1940s and 50s. Undoubtedly, musical theater composers have changed Western culture for the better. Cab Calloway 6. Jack Teagarden 20. Concurrent with the big-band craze came a flowering of the solo art among both small-group musicians, such as pianists Fats Waller and Art Tatum and guitarist Django Reinhardt, and big-band players with after-hours careers. Session 3 The 20's: Beginnings of the Swing Era. Equally as important was Duke Ellington, whose music was infused with a unique range of harmonies and sound colours. Tatum employed his harmonic knowledge, which was learned by ear, to construct elegant lines at breakneck tempos. Scroll down to explore our selection of the top 20 best classical composers … Credited with popularizing the music of black musicians, such as Henderson, among white audiences, Goodman is considered instrumental in the bolstering of swing music. He developed his style while a member of Fletcher Henderson’s big band. LiveAbout uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience and for our, Learn About 10 Famous Jazz Singers Every Fan Should Know, Jazz Pianists: 10 Masters Who Revolutionized the Genre. George Frideric Handel is the composer who was a German born and spent his most of the time of career in London. Duke Ellington and his band members composed numerous swing era hits that have become standards: " It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing) " (1932), " Sophisticated Lady " (1933) and " Caravan " (1936), among others. Goodman’s early (1934–35) recordings—“Bugle Call Rag,” “Music Hall Rag,” “King Porter Stomp,” and “Blue Moon” among them—began to attract notice at about the time his band was hired for a spot on the national radio program, …that officially ushered in the swing era, with Goodman soon being hailed as the “King of. Military men decided they wanted to hear only the most popular tunes of the day, so millions of men overseas were finding themselves listening to and enjoying the most popular swing of the day. Ives was possibly the most original composer in history, whose influence was only felt years after his astonishing works became known – a pioneer in new directions for orchestration, musical form, harmony, text setting (especially his 114 songs), rhythm, piano writing, tuning and more, predating many composers who later experimented in these areas. Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers epitomized the multi-talented entertainers that took the decade by storm and they starred in 10 musical comedy films together (all were released in the 1930s except one). In the 1930s, swing jazz emerged as a dominant form in American music. A prodigious talent, pianist Art Tatum was ahead of his time. In his day, Meyerbeer was one of the most popular opera composers in the world. Adolph Hofner (1932–1993) Bob Wills & His Texas Playboys (1905–1975) Cecil Brower (1914–1965) Chet Atkins (1942–1996) Chubby Wise (1915–1996) Cliff Bruner (1915–2000) Hank Penny (1918–1992) Hank Thompson, (1946–2007) Johnny Gimble (1938–2015) Johnnie Lee Wills (1912–1984) Leon McAuliffe (1917–1988) Light Crust Doughboys (1931–) Swing blended with other genres to create new musical styles. The selections were ranked according to subjective ratings, and factored in duplicate choices. Lester Young was a tenor saxophonist who spent his childhood touring with his family’s band. Nevertheless, it was the first jazz idiom that proved commercially successful. In his 38 years with the Duke Ellington Orchestra, Hodges developed his signature sound and was often featured in the band. Gene Krupa 12. These results were compared and tallied to create a top ten list of the most influential composers between them. The results varied wildly, from Metallica to Stravinsky, and included composers spanning different musical periods, nationalities, and genres. With an ear for talent, Henderson was responsible for hiring Louis Armstrong and bringing him to the Big Apple from Chicago in 1924. The great virtuosos of the second category included saxophonists Lester Young, Johnny Hodges, Benny Carter, Coleman Hawkins, and Ben Webster; trumpeters Roy Eldridge, Buck Clayton, Henry (“Red”) Allen, and Cootie Williams; pianists Teddy Wilson and Earl Hines; guitarist Charlie Christian; bassists Walter Page and Jimmy Blanton; trombonists Jack Teagarden and Dicky Wells; and singer Billie Holiday. Corrections? Duke Ellington 9. Boswell Sisters 5. Webster, along with Coleman Hawkins and Lester Young, was one of the three titans of the tenor saxophone during the swing era. The bands led by the Black pianist Fletcher Henderson in the 1920s were especially important in disseminating these musical ideas, which were then picked up by white orchestras riding the later tide of swing’s popularity. Henderson played a key role in opening up the creative possibilities in jazz. Navigate parenthood with the help of the Raising Curious Learners podcast. As the wind basses and banjos characteristic of earlier jazz were replaced in the swing band of the 1930s by stringed basses and guitars, the effect of the rhythm section became lighter, and musicians accustomed to playing in 2/2 metre adapted to 4/4 metre. His sound could be growling and rough on up-tempo tunes, or graceful and sensitive on ballads. Which post-punk band recorded. The complex, almost implausible forms were put aside and replaced by simpler forms, inspired by Rome and Greece. Swing, in music, both the rhythmic impetus of jazz music and a specific jazz idiom prominent between about 1935 and the mid-1940s—years sometimes called the swing era. Latin rhythms in modern jazz. Perry Botkin 28. He won an Oscar for his score to Thoroughly Modern Millie in 1967. Standards composed by him include " A Night in Tunisia " (1942), " Woody N' You " (1942), and " Groovin' High " (1944). " Ravel’s most popular classical compositions are “Bolero” and “Daphnis et Chloe.” He is the most well-known of all the French composers in history. Although several Black orchestras—e.g., those of Basie, Ellington, Chick Webb, and Jimmie Lunceford—became famous during the period, the swing era was in the main a white preserve whose outstanding bandleaders included Benny Goodman, Harry James, Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey, and Glenn Miller. Omissions? The swing era was in many ways an exercise in public relations. Are you thinking of composers or musicians? Henderson played a key role in opening up the creative possibilities in jazz. When improvising, Gillespie. The flowing, evenly accented metres of Count Basie’s band proved especially influential in this regard. Here is a list of 10 swing era musicians who set the stage for jazz to become the valued art form it is today. Although Goodman was billed as the “King of Swing,” the best band was that of Ellington, and Basie’s was perhaps next. Henderson and his brother Horace remained among the most influential swing arrangers of the following decade. The big swing bands organized their players into sections of brass, woodwinds, and rhythm and hired skilled orchestrators to write music for them. Glenn Miller 15. Louis Armstrong 24. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/art/swing-music, Mibba Creative Writing - The History of Swing Music. Benny Goodman jump-started his popular big band with a handful of Henderson’s arrangements, and in the '40s Henderson joined the group to become Goodman’s full-time arranger. He expanded the Classical traditions of Joseph Haydn, one of his teachers, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and experimented with personal expression, a characteristic that influenced the Romantic composers who succeeded him. Gillespie was one of the first jazz composers to use. Andrews Sisters 2. Laine, a drummer who led bands in New Orleans from 1891, is often referred to as the father of white jazz. Basie then formed his own group in 1935, which became one of the most popular bands in the country, performing in Kansas City, Chicago, and New York. King Sisters 23. He is famous for saying “The only love affair I have ever had was with music.” Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) Nationality: Russian Known For: Writing over 100 works All Too Soon " is a jazz ballad composed by Duke Ellington with lyrics by Carl Sigman. The sober, harmonious and simple style was the norm at that time. Largely influenced by Coleman Hawkins, Eldridge was a much sought-after musician in New York and played in big bands led by Gene Krupa and Artie Shaw. His unique tone and approach to melody have helped define lyrical saxophone playing throughout the development of jazz. Amongst his great achievements were the soundtracks to The Magnificent Seven, The Ten Commandments, The Great Escape, To Kill a Mockingbird, and Ghostbusters. These two record labels would not settle until November 1944, a full 27 months; that's over 2 years in which no swing bands from these two labels were published. The swing era is known as the days of jazz when dance halls were packed with people eager to listen and swing dance to the best big bands from around the country. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Basie’s piano style was sparse and precise, and his compositions were bluesy and rousing. The son of poor Jewish Immigrants, clarinetist Benny Goodman moved to New York from Chicago in the late 1920s. Most band of the age played their own versions of jazz tunes already in the literature, or popular tunes taken from movies, shows, and radio of the time. This distinction is illustrated in the styles of the city’s two most popular musicians, “Papa” Jack Laine and Buddy Bolden. The swing era also brought respectability to jazz, moving into the ballrooms of America a music that until that time had been associated with the brothels of New Orleans and the Prohibition-era gin mills of Chicago. Equally as important was Duke Ellington, whose music was infused with a unique range of harmonies and sound colours. Swing has its roots in 1920s dance music ensembles, which began using new styles of written arrangements, incorporating rhythmic innovations pioneered by Louis Armstrong and Earl Hines. He led his band through decades of recording and performing, and his compositions and arrangements, which was written with his loyal band members in mind, experimented with harmonic and formal devices that are studied to this day. George Frideric Handel. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/23/arts/music/23composers.html His 1939 recording of “Body and Soul” is considered one of the landmark improvisations in jazz history. Charlie Spivak 7. Trumpeter Roy Eldridge is seen as a bridge between swing era music and bebop. The swing era also coincided with the greatest popularity of dance bands in general. Ozzie Nelson 27. The swing era brought to swing music Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday, and by 1938 Ella Fitzgerald. Western swing. Although not associated with any of the great swing bands, Tatum was the premiere keyboardist during the swing era. In the late 40s and through the 50s, a different kind of Jazz became popular. During the 1920's New Orleans style jazz music was popular and some excellent recording of the King Oliver band, Louis Armstrong with his Hot 5 and Hot 7, and Jelly Roll Morton's Red Hot Peppers give us a good representation of the music of this time. Fats Waller 11. Isham Jones 19. Considered one of the most important composers in American music, Duke Ellington rose to fame during the swing era by performing weekly at New York’s Cotton Club. 1. Updates? The swing era was the last great flowering of jazz before its period of harmonic experimentation. A popular device was the riff, a simple musical phrase reiterated by a band or by a section in counterpoint with other sections’ riffing until, by sheer power of repetition, it became almost hypnotic. However, his style became very influential on Charlie Parker’s playing and consequentially on bebop in general. Name two (2) female composers of the twentieth century. Two of the most popular dances for swing era young people were the fox-trot and the jitterbug An important contribution to the popularity of swing music was a its position in time relative to Ellington. Bob Crosby 4. But when singers who began as swing stylists, such as Frank Sinatra, Nat King Cole, Peggy Lee, and Sarah Vaughan, became more popular than the swing bands they sang with, the swing era came to an end. Eddy Duchin 10. Glen Gray 14. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Fletcher Henderson (seated) with his band, 1936. Here are the following 10 top rated music composers ever in the whole world, which is as follow: 10. Hodges studied briefly with Sidney Bechet, who influenced the alto saxophonist’s syrupy, lyrical sound with a fast, voice-like vibrato. His recorded version of “Cotton Tail” is regarded as one of swing era's gems. Fletcher Henderson and his band Fletcher Henderson (seated) with his band, 1936. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Some bebop tunes with elements of swing enjoyed the commercial success. National radio broadcast. The most popular jazz bands or swing bands achieved national exposure from touring and particularly from ___ A) record sales B) sheet music sales C) national radio broad casts. The harmonic experimentation of the late swing era, evident in, for example, the Woody Herman and Charlie Barnet bands of the early 1940s, presaged the next development in jazz: bop, or bebop. Henderson and his brother Horace remained among the most influential swing arrangers of the following decade. Perhaps the most famous composer of ragtime music, Scott Joplin (1867 or 1868 -1917) composed two of the genre's most well-known and popular pieces, “The Entertainer” and “Maple Leaf Rag.” He was often referred to by the nickname "the King of Ragtime," and was a prolific composer, writing nearly four dozen original ragtime works during his brief career, including a ballet and two operas. He is also considered one of the best jazz clarinetists of all time. Bobby Darin (May 14, 1936 - December 20, 1973, Bronx NY.) With his unique, raspy tone combined with his command of harmonically detailed improvisation, Coleman Hawkins became the preeminent tenor saxophonist during the swing era. 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