Piracy in the Caribbean was often a tool used by the European empires to wage war unofficially against one another. Early Jamaica. The Taínos were present throughout the Caribbean islands from approximately 1200 to 1500 A.D., and when Christopher Columbus arrived in the region, the Taínos were the indigenous group he encountered. The Journal of Caribbean History (JCH) is a double-blind peer reviewed journal produced by the Departments of History, The University of the West Indies, and published by the University of the West Indies Press. ECLAC, which is headquartered in Santiago, Chile, is one of the five regional commissions of the United Nations. This footfall sets off a powerful chain of events: The age of exploration and cross-Atlantic expansion begins. [62] Caribbean economic diversification into new activities became essential to the islands. 1655 English conquest of Spanish Jamaica. [26], During the first three-quarters of the sixteenth century, matters of balance of power and dynastic succession weighed heavily on the course of European diplomacy and war. When Pope Clement VII refused to annul the marriage, Henry VIII pushed the English Catholic Church to separate from Rome and become the Church of England, free from the pope's authority. Between 1958 and 1962 most of the British-controlled Caribbean was integrated as the new West Indies Federation in an attempt to create a single unified future independent state—but it failed. This will include some materials from WW1. Notably, this is a recent historical trend. The more significant development came when Christopher Columbus wrote back to Spain that the islands were made for sugar development. Full text database of periodical articles and other publications that focus on the impact of gender across a broad spectrum of subject areas. The nations bordering the Caribbean in Central America gained independence with the 1821 establishment of the First Mexican Empire—which at that time included the modern states of Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Drake's men destroyed church images and ornaments and even erected a defensive palisade with wooden images of saints in the hope that the Spanish soldiers’ Catholic fervor would keep them from firing saints as human shields of sorts. More than 700,000 items digitized from the NYPL collections. In all, between 1535 and 1563, French corsairs carried out around sixty attacks against Spanish settlements and captured over seventeen Spanish vessels in the region (1536–1547). The following former British Caribbean island colonies achieved independence in their own right; Jamaica (1962), Trinidad & Tobago (1962), Barbados (1966), Bahamas (1973), Grenada (1974), Dominica (1978), St. Lucia (1979), St. Vincent (1979), Antigua & Barbuda (1981), St. Kitts & Nevis (1983). Nineteenth Century Collections Online includes materials from the so-called "Long 19th Century," covering the century plus about 20 to 25 years before and after. Centuries of abundant rainfall were replaced by prolonged droughts and increased hurricane frequency. [44], The French Empire regulated slaves under the Code Noir (Black Code) which was in force throughout the empire, but which was based upon French practices in the Caribbean colonies. The British looked for cheap labour. The Bahamas entered the financial services industry first, and continues to be at the forefront of financial services in the region. As an arm of the economic and political network of the Americas, the influence of the United States stretches beyond a military context. It was used as a base to colonise the much larger, In 1625 French buccaneers established a settlement on. We work to improve lives in Latin America and the Caribbean. Tourists began to visit the Caribbean in larger numbers by the beginning of the 20th century, although there was a tourist presence in the region as early as the 1880s. The slave labor and indentured labor - both in millions of people - were brought into Caribbean, as in other European colonies throughout the world. Murder, theatre, sports and politics - all collide in its pages in an abundance of glorious narrative detail. Rowan University Libraries' main search tool. Protestantism also spread in France and throughout parts of the Holy Roman Empire. The history of the Caribbean did not begin in 1492 when Christopher Columbus landed in the Bahamas. After many years of colonial rule the nations also saw no profits brought into their country since the sugar production was controlled by the colonial rulers. In 1521, France went to war with the Holy Roman Empire. 800 AD A people called the Arawaks lived in Jamaica. In addition British Honduras in Central America became independent as Belize (1981), British Guiana in South America became independent as Guyana (1966), and Dutch Guiana also in South America became independent as Suriname (1975). They were stone age farmers. The Taínos are subdivided into Classic Taínos, who occupied Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, Western Taínos, who occupied Cuba, Jamaica, and the Bahamian archipelago, and the Eastern Taínos, who occupied the Leeward Islands. * These three Dutch Caribbean territories form the BES islands. (source:website). An interdisciplinary, bilingual (English and Spanish) comprehensive full text database of the newspapers, magazines and journals of the ethnic, minority and native press. Over 50,000 summaries and free links to full-text research and policy documents from over 8,000 publishers. Includes all of the Libraries' physical collections and most of its digital resources. These groups occasionally resided in semi-permanent camp sites, while mostly being mobile in order to make use of a wide rage of plant and animal resources in a variety of habitats.[1]. Given its history the Caribbean is a region of diverse cultures and an eclectic mixture of the old and the new. 1534 The Spanish move to Villa de la Vega. In History. By the beginning of the 20th century, the Caribbean islands enjoyed greater political stability. Unlike other countries, where there was an urban option for finding work, the Caribbean countries had money invested in agriculture and lacked any core industrial base. Jamaica History Timeline 600-1000 AD: Arawak Indians arrived in Jamaica from South America 1494: Columbus made his first visit to Jamaica 1503-1504: A shipwreck strands Columbus on the island’s north coast during the explorer’s fourth expedition. When the Slavery Abolition Act came into force in 1834, roughly 700,000 slaves in the British West Indies immediately became free; other enslaved workers were freed several years later after a period of forced apprenticeship. The Dutch, the French, and the British followed one another to the region and established a long-term presence. ^ These three Dutch Caribbean territories form the SSS islands. Jamaica is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles, in the Caribbean. In 2003 Juan Martinez Cruzado, a geneticist from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez designed an island-wide DNA survey of Puerto Rico's people. The following quotation taken from the AP World History textbook shows just how beneficial the new technology was: "In 1774 Jamaica's 680 sugar plantations averaged 441 acres each; the largest reached over 2,000 acres." Our aim is to achieve development in a sustainable, climate-friendly way. Click on any point on the timeline to … One of the early expeditions from Spain brought sugarcane cuttings from the Canary Islands, an act that would alter the course of history. [49] Instead of calling them slaves, they were called indentured labour. The following timeline is not comprehensive but is designed to give an indication of some of the key events in Anglophone Caribbean history, including some that are relevant to the material on this site. The Caribbean Basin is also of strategic interest in regards to trade routes; it has been estimated that nearly half of US foreign cargo and crude oil imports are brought via Caribbean seaways. WhatsApp. Caribbean slave owners kept careful watch for suspected slave rebellions and thwarted most very quickly, but the Coromantees and Maroons kept trying. [60] President Lyndon Johnson had ordered the invasion to stem what he claimed to be a "Communist threat", but the mission appeared ambiguous and was condemned throughout the hemisphere as a return to gunboat diplomacy. European nations, particularly Spain and Portugal, race to claim as many islands as they can. A history of Royal Caribbean As Royal Caribbean International recently announced that it was celebrating the cruising milestone of welcoming its 50 millionth guest, I thought it would be a good opportunity to take a look at the history of one of the world’s largest and most successful cruise lines. The commodities featured in this resource have been transported, exchanged and consumed around the world for hundreds of years. Such colonies spread throughout the Caribbean, from the Bahamas in the North West to Tobago in the South East. The locations within the Caribbean region are indicated in italics. In Uncategorized. Presents PDF pages of the newspaper, preserving the visual sense of the publication. On September 27, 2006, Caribbean Airlines, the state-owned airline, was incorporated in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. However, based on proximity, these islands are sometimes grouped with the Windward Islands culturally and politically. The Italian Wars, as the French-Spanish wars came to be known, reignited in 1536 and again in 1542. [7] The ensuing Archaic age is often defined by specialised subsistence adaptions, combining hunting, fishing, collecting and the managing of wild food plants. (source:website). ... Caribbean History Timeline created by elenaburnham. The British crafted a new legal system of forced labour, which in many ways resembled enslavement. [33], In 1536, France and Spain went to war again and French corsairs launched a series of attacks on Spanish Caribbean settlements and ships. The progress and advancement of each island complied with the European country in control of it at the time. Largely fed by the works of Bartolomé de las Casas, English and Dutch Protestants portrayed Spaniards as backward, dishonest, fanatical, cruel, and lazy. Coverage from 1975 – current. Some will contain the full text of journals but if the full text is not readily available, click on .. It is updated quarterly with over 17,000 current records added in total each year. Classifying Caribbean prehistory into different "ages" has proven a difficult and controversial task. Castaways from an English vessel, wrecked on its way to Virginia in 1609, find safety on Bermuda. Palmié, Stephan and Francisco Scarano, eds. A collaboration of 20 learned societies, and over 100 publishers and libraries, the HEB is an online fully searchable collection of 2800 high quality books selected by scholars from across the humanities and available online to multiple users. [33], Many of the battles of the Anglo-Spanish war were fought in the Caribbean, not by regular English troops but rather by privateers whom Queen Elizabeth had licensed to carry out attacks on Spanish vessels and ports. In addition to English, some of the indexed materials are published in French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and other languages. A specific date for the placement of the first three films has not been given, though the film's scriptwriters, while making the first film, placed them in a "floating thirty-year environment" set in the 18th century, sometime around the 1720s to 1750s. [39] William Beckford argued for "families to be sold together or kept as near as possible in the same neighbourhood"[39] and "laws were passed in the late period of slavery to prevent the breakup of slave families by sale, ... [but] these laws were frequently ignored". [5] In the 1970s archaeologist Irving Rouse defined three "ages" to classify Caribbean prehistory: the Lithic, Archaic and Ceramic Age, based on archaeological evidence. Jamaica's History: A Timeline + Commentary. Santiago, Cuba founded Here, he returns from Mexico to Cuba to organize guerrilla warfare against the Batista regime. 1631 Dutch colonization of Saint Martin begins. (source:website), The history of the British Caribbean is explored in this exhibition through government documents, photographs and maps dating from the 17th century to the 1920s and discovered during a cataloguing project at The National Archives of the United Kingdom. In general, the Lithic Age is considered the first era of human development in the Americas and the period where stone chipping is first practised. Sugar was a luxury in Europe prior to the 18th century. In 1844, the newly formed Dominican Republic declared its independence from Haiti. The Caribbean region was war-torn throughout much of colonial history, but the wars were often based in Europe, with only minor battles fought in the Caribbean. Timeline of Caribbean Prehistory. ", French overseas departments and territories, "Reevaluating human colonization of the Caribbean using chronometric hygiene and Bayesian modeling", "Indigenous Puerto Rico: DNA evidence upsets established history", "Haiti, A Country Study: French Settlement and Sovereignty", "Far beyond the Line: Corsairs, Privateers, Buccaneers, and Invading Settlers in Cuba and the Caribbean (1529-1670)", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, "The United States Invasion of the Dominican Republic, 1961–1966", "U.S. troops land in the Dominican Republic", "Why Caribbean Banks Are Bracing for Problems", "De-Risking and Financial Inclusion – ACAMS Today", Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories, Sovereign states and dependent territories, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Caribbean&oldid=991620524, Articles with disputed statements from May 2015, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 1713, 1729, 1805, 1809, 1825, 1826, 1830–31, 1833, 1837, 1840, 1841, 1843, 1673, 1678, 1685, 1690, 1730–40, 1760, 1765, 1766, 1791–92, 1795–96, 1808, 1822–24, 1831–32, French colonization too began on St. Kitts, the British and the French splitting the island amongst themselves in 1625. Link here for NCCO only. The export of sugar on a large scale made the Caribbean one of the world's shipping cornerstones, as it remains today. ... History of Education in Caribbean Timeline created by carla.knight81. This followed 13 years of war that started as a slave uprising in 1791 and quickly turned into the Haitian Revolution under the leadership of Toussaint l'Ouverture, where the former slaves defeated the French army (twice), the Spanish army, and the British army, before becoming the world's first and oldest black republic, and also the second-oldest republic in the Western Hemisphere after the United States. Islands currently under European or U.S. administration, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Charles H. Wesley, "The Negro in the West Indies, slavery and freedom. View contemporaneous coverage of the world's historical events from the French Revolution to the Iraq War. In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean and claimed the region for Spain. Share Flipboard Email Print Social Sciences. Our History In 1968, Royal Caribbean Cruise Line was founded – and ever since then, we've been changing the way the world cruises. (source:website), The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of 52 independent and equal sovereign states, The Commonwealth home to 2.4 billion people and includes both advanced economies and developing countries. Trusted E-Books from Scholarly Sources. 800 AD A people called the Arawaks lived in Jamaica. The Caribbean Memory Project promotes public awareness and participation in the collection and circulation of everyday archives for cultural, social, and historical research. Flinty Bay on Antigua, is one of the best known sources of high quality flint in the Lesser Antilles. To find books use Rowan's Library Search and limit the material type to Books. If the "Get It" link does not find anything, don't assume that the Library does not hold the item. DNA studies changed some of the traditional beliefs about pre-Columbian indigenous history. It was colonized by English settlers in 1632 and remained a British possession although it was raided by the French in 1666. History of Caribbean Airlines. A TIMELINE OF JAMAICA. Jamaica History Timeline and Historical Dates. 1494- Christopher Columbus discovered the island. For treatment of the island in its regional context, see Latin America, history of, and West Indies, history of. 1510 The first Spanish settlers arrive in Jamaica. For example, Jamaica has no known settlements until around 600 AD while the Cayman Islands show no settlement evidence before European arrival. Click the Get-It button to link to full text, when available. The Spanish Caribbean: 1821-1898: The loss of Santo Domingo in 1821 is a particular blow to Spanish pride, since the island of Hispaniola was the first of Columbus' discoveries to be colonized. These improvements in the quality of life for the inhabitants also made the islands a much more attractive destination for visitors. Furthermore, this period is characterised with a change in climate. 1499 Spanish discovery of Curacao, Aruba, Bonaire. Index of scholarly literature covering the history and culture of the United States and Canada, from prehistory to the present. During the early colonial period, rebellious slaves were harshly punished, with sentences including death by torture; less serious crimes such as assault, theft, or persistent escape attempts were commonly punished with mutilations, such as the cutting off of a hand or a foot. The result of this economic exploitation was a plantation dependence which saw the Caribbean nations possessing a large quantity of unskilled workers capable of performing agricultural tasks and not much else. Also set up an account and sign in with your NJ Library card for borrowing privileges to 200,000 modern titles. https://pirates.fandom.com/wiki/Timeline_of_Pirates_of_the_Caribbean_series Users can copy, cut, paste, print and download content. The Cayman Islands, the British Virgin Islands, and the Netherlands Antilles have also developed competitive financial services industries. The southward route hypothesis proposes that the northern Antilles were settled directly from South America followed by progressively southward movements into the Lesser Antilles. Journal, magazine and news articles in all academic disciplines. 1636 Dutch conquest of Spanish Aruba and Bonaire. Search for the information you need according to key development topics and the country they relate to. "The official plantocratic view of slave marriage sought to deny the slaves any loving bonds or long-standing relationships, thus conveniently rationalising the indiscriminate separation of close kin through sales. Tensions further intensified in 1587, when Elizabeth I ordered the execution of Catholic Mary Queen of Scotts after twenty years of captivity and gave the order for a preemptive attack against the Spanish Armada stationed in Cadiz. Dutch privateering became more widespread and violent beginning in the 1620s. Articles, papers and reports on international public affairs topics. For the next 550 years, the Caribbean region would play a vital role in the economic history of the western world and, often, a tragic role in in the world's social history. Slaves were jammed into the hull; chained to one anothe… "[39] Slaves could be sold so that spouses could be sold separately. Collection of 2,800 e-books in the humanities. 1494 Christopher Columbus lands in Jamaica. But it still leaves Spain as the major colonial power in the West Indies. [20] After about 1200 AD this process was interrupted by the absorption of many Caribbean Islands into the socio-political structure of the Greater Antillean society. The SIDALC Alliance provides access to information generated throughout the Americas and stored in Agricultural Institutes, its libraries and other related information centers. [17], The period from 650 to 800 AD saw major cultural, socio-political and ritual reformulations, which took place both on the mainland and in many Caribbean islands. (source:website). [35], The following table lists the number of slaves brought into some of the Caribbean colonies:[36]. Jamaica's History: A Timeline + Commentary. Our history in the Caribbean. The base is one of five unified commands whose "area of responsibility" is Latin America and the Caribbean. Although Spain claimed the entire Caribbean, they settled only the larger islands of Hispaniola (1493), Puerto Rico (1508), Jamaica (1509), Cuba (1511), and Trinidad (1530). Royal Caribbean International (originally Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines) began in 1968 as a consortium of three Norwegian ship owners who wanted to get in on the rapidly expanding U.S. cruise market. A timeline of events as depicted and mentioned in the Pirates of the Caribbean franchise. President James Monroe's State of the Union address in 1823 included a significant change to United States foreign policy which later became known as the Monroe Doctrine. News, magazine and journal articles on the impact of gender. A TIMELINE OF JAMAICA. Giovanni da Verrazzano (aka Jean Florin) led the first recorded French corsair attack against Spanish vessels carrying treasures from the New World. 1520 Spaniards removed last Amerindians from Lucayan Archipelago ( population of 40,000 in 1492 ). Ebook Central s is a subscribe collection. The original inhabitants of Jamaica are the Arawaks, believed to have arrived from South America some 2,500 years ago. In 1567 and 1568, Hawkins commanded two piratical smuggling expeditions, the last of which ended disastrously; he lost almost all of his ships and three-fourths of his men were killed by Spanish soldiers at San Juan de Ulúa, off the coast of Veracruz, the point of departure of the fleet of New Spain. Such was the case of the slave-trading vessel bearing the sub-lime name Jesus of Lübeck, into whose pestilent bowels, in partnership with Elizabeth I, Hawkins jammed 400 African slaves. Cruise ships are also regular visitors to the Caribbean. [2] It was not until about 7000/6000 BCE, during the early Holocene that Trinidad became an island due to a significant jump in sea level by about 60 m. Climate change may have been a cause for this sea level rise. Hawkins and Drake barely escaped but Oxenham was captured, convicted of heresy by the Inquisition and burned alive. The hard work in hot, humid farms required a regular, docile and low-waged labour force. Areas outside British or French control became known in Europe as "America's tropical empire". This created an economic chaos for British owners of Caribbean sugar cane plantations. This is additionally notable as being the only successful slave uprising in history. As such, the US has played an influential role in shaping the Caribbean's role in this hemispheric market. The command is headquartered in Miami, Florida. To supplement the Amerindian labor, the Spanish imported African slaves. Lithic analysis have also show the development of tighter networks between islands during the post-Saladoid period. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands are officially territories of the United States, but are sometimes referred to as "protectorates" of the United States. ... was nothing more than a base for weapons and other goods. They brought with them millions of slaves imported from Africa to support the tropical plantation system that spread through the Caribbean islands. In Uncategorized. News, magazine, and journal articles from the ethnic, minority and native press. Additionally the amount of agriculture on the Caribbean islands increased. [48] Caribbean islands with plentiful sunshine, abundant rainfalls and no extended frosts were well suited for sugarcane agriculture and sugar factories. Also in 1816 there was a slave revolution in the colony of Barbados. [33], Following the Franco-Spanish peace treaty of 1559, crown-sanctioned French corsair activities subsided, but piratical Huguenot incursions persisted and in at least one instance led to the formation of a temporary Huguenot settlement in the Isle of Pines, off Cuba. [11] This group is named after the Saladero site in Venezuela, where their distinctive pottery (typically distinguished by white-on-red painted designs) was first identified. Ratekin, Mervyn. [54] In the 19th century wages were finally introduced with the abolition of slavery. Slavery itself was not abolished in Cuba until 1886. ", * Dooley Jr, Edwin L. "Wartime San Juan, Puerto Rico: The Forgotten American Home Front, 1941-1945.". It was a tortuous marriage, to say the least, and Henry VIII began to separate from Catherine in 1527. British law considered slaves to be property, and thus did not recognize marriage for slaves, family rights, education for slaves, or the right to religious practices such as holidays. Antigua and Barbuda - Antigua and Barbuda - History: Antigua was visited in 1493 by Christopher Columbus, who named it for the Church of Santa Maria de la Antigua in Sevilla, Spain. Since 1822, The Sunday Times, of London, has provided thoughtful analysis and commentary on the week's news and society at large. In 1492 he made a first landing on Hispaniola and claimed it for the Spanish crown as he did on Cuba. Period: 1200. to . Dutch, English, and German editions of las Casas’ Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies circulated throughout Europe beginning in 1578 with titles such as "Spanish cruelties and tyrannies." A similar aspect of the heterogeneous region has been its plantations. Covers the people, places, and events in the broad expanse of history- from the mid- 15th century to the present. Archæological evidence shows human habitation in the Caribbean for centuries before the arrival of Europeans. Some links to country information have bee added below. The deepwater port at Bridgetown, Barbados, was completed by British investors in 1961. (source:website), Its mission is to embody the active solidarity between its 80 member states and governments (57 members and 23 observers), which together represent over one-third of the United Nations’ member states and account for a population of over 890 million people, including 220 million French speakers.(spurce:website). The Caribbean islands hosted some of the most violent slave uprisings in history and the only successful African slave rebellion in the Americas. We have steadily rolled out innovative ships since the 1980s with our Sovereign class to today, with the introduction of the game-changing Quantum class, the first of which will sail in the fall of 2014. [16] One initial impetus of movement from the mainland to the northern Antilles may have been the search for high quality materials such as flint. Much like the Spanish exploited indigenous labor to mine gold, the 17th century brought a new series of oppressors in the form of the Dutch, the English, and the French. This hypothesis has been supported by both radiocarbon dates and seafaring simulations. 1660 Spanish resistance is … Taino Chiefdoms appear in Caribbean after first sedentary settlements 1492. 1655 The English invade Jamaica. Taino Chiefdoms appear in Caribbean after first sedentary settlements 1492. Colombus arrives in the Bahamas 1514. The Pirates of the Caribbean movie timeline isn't complicated, but it is quite extensive. [37] Slavery was abolished in the Dutch Empire in 1814. The first instances of English mercantile piracy took place in 1562–63, when Hawkins’ men raided a Portuguese vessel off the coast of Sierra Leone, captured the 300 slaves on board, and smuggled them into Santo Domingo in exchange for sugar, hides, and precious woods. Here, he returns from Mexico to Cuba to organize guerrilla warfare against the Batista regime. A timeline created with Timetoast's interactive timeline maker. Victory in the Spanish–American War and the signing of the Platt amendment in 1901 ensured that the United States would have the right to interfere in Cuban political and economic affairs, militarily if necessary. The Caribbean region is made up of both independent countries and dependent territories which are divided into five geographical regions: The islands are located in the Greater Antilles; Lesser Antilles; North American Continental Shelf, or South America Continental Shelf. We, at the National Archives, are the custodians of Trinidad and Tobago's memory. Slaves were brought to the Caribbean from the early 16th century until the end of the 19th century. It includes events that occurred in Europe and/or the Americas that impacted on the area. Large luxury hotels and resorts have been built by foreign investors in many of the islands. Also includes working papers, policy briefs, and case studies. Political profiles of countries and intergovernmental organizations worldwide. All full text. Extensive Data-Planet repository of standardized and structured statistical data. The Caribbean has been shaped by an alarming amount of successive and unfortunate … Identity of Cuba The Caribbean is a diverse region with a unique history. Spans more than 500 years of political, military, social, and cultural history, highlighting the important people and events of the American experience. 1517 African slaves are imported into Jamaica. It's the best place to find information about a specific cruise ship, your favorite cruise line's fleet, or even what happened to your favorite cruise ship from the past. Before departing they plundered and destroyed the city, taking a huge bounty. It offers a strong collection of academic titles from leading scholarly publishers. Archæological evidence shows human habitation in the Caribbean for centuries before the arrival of Europeans. Archive of The Times (London) newspaper from 1785-2007. It left a gory toll of 200 killed Spanish settlers. Tensions increased between England and Spain, particularly following the ascent of Anglican Queen Elizabeth to the throne in 1558. Puerto Rico - Puerto Rico - History: The following discussion focuses on Puerto Rican history from the time of European settlement. France abolished slavery in its colonies in 1848. Clients from the United States take advantage of offshore banking services to avoid U.S. taxation. The CBI marks the emergence of the Caribbean basin as a geopolitical area of strategic interest to the US. Collection of documents on international affairs from wide variety of sources. Over the next 70 years, numerous more ships brought indentured labourers to the Caribbean, as cheap and docile labor for harsh inhumane work. HCC History Timeline, the important moments in history of the Healthy Caribbean Coalition, from the birth of the coalition to the present day Accessible Archives makes available vast quantities of archived historical information, not previously furnished available online. Some islands have gone against this trend, such as Cuba and Haiti, whose governments chose not to pursue foreign tourism, although Cuba has developed this part of the economy very recently. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. Imperial rivalries made the Caribbean a contested area during European wars for centuries. Many of these records are exceptional in the way they reveal our heritage and enable us as a nation to have a better understanding of Trinidad and Tobago and our ancestors. 1509- The Spaniards occupied the country and remained in possession for 146 years. After a bill was passed in the French Parliament, the new status took effect on 22 February 2007. After the Spanish American war in the late 19th century, the islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines were no longer part of the Spanish Empire in the New World. Archaeological evidence suggests that Trinidad was the first Caribbean island to have been settled as early as 9000/8000 BCE. Pinterest. Hi there, we use cookies to improve your experience on our website. https://www.cruise118.com/news/a-history-of-royal-caribbean The mainstay of the Caribbean economy, sugar, has declined gradually since the beginning of the 20th century, although it is still a major crop in the region. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. "[43], European plantations required laws to regulate the plantation system and the many slaves imported to work on the plantations. St Lucia History Timeline and important historical dates. 1494 Tainos Came to the Caribbean and found Jamaica and other islands. We acquire, preserve and make accessible thousands of records, of various formats, to the public. 1625 - English conquest of Barbados 1655 - English conquest of Jamaica 1657 - Richard Ligon publishes A True and Exact Account… Listed here in alphabetical order are the nations and territories (governing nation is indicated in square brackets next to territorial names. Hawkins and his contemporaries mastered the devilish art of maximizing the number of slaves that could fit into a ship. [10] This settlement phase is often attributed to the Ortoiroid culture. This pattern is confirmed by economic initiatives such as the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), which sought to congeal alliances with the region in light of a perceived Soviet threat. Sun-Sentinel | Jun 21, 2004 at 1:59 PM . [18] The Saladoid interaction sphere disintegrated rapidly. Includes maps, data and stats compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit, the world’s foremost provider of country, industry and management analysis for about 201 countries. Many key shipping routes still pass through the region. Croix (USVI) [USA] -Lesser Antilles, Saint. In 1523, off the Cape of St. Vincent, Portugal, his vessels captured two Spanish ships laden with a fabulous treasure consisting of 70,000 ducats worth of gold, large quantities of silver and pearls, and 25,000 pounds of sugar, a much-treasured commodity at the time. Furthermore, during this period, French and English buccaneers settled on the island of Tortuga, the northern and western coasts of Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic), and later in Jamaica. It is not a permanent acquisition of e-books, and is subject to change. British law denied all rights to freed slaves, with the exception of the right to a jury trial. (source:website), The Digital Library of the Caribbean (dLOC) is a cooperative digital library for resources from and about the Caribbean and circum-Caribbean. Significant events, in the present, demonstrated by the recent changes in Cuba, the economic crisis in Puerto Rico, the earthquakes and subsequent turmoil in Haïti, and the climate-driven rise of sea levels that threaten the very existence of some island states, demonstrate the historical centrality and the cultural contributions of the region. Topics included are the Transatlantic Slave Trade, colonialism, political conflicts, and struggles for freedom. These actions originally took the guise of well-organized, large-scale smuggling expeditions headed by piratical smugglers the likes of John Hawkins, John Oxenham, and Francis Drake; their primary objectives were smuggling African slaves into Spain's Caribbean possessions in exchange for tropical products. The new English monarch's anti-Catholic zeal mirrored Philip II's trenchant hatred of the Protestant faith. The US invaded and occupied Hispaniola (present day Dominican Republic and Haiti) for 19 years (1915–34), subsequently dominating the Haitian economy through aid and loan repayments. The PAIS International database contains continually updated records for over half a million journal articles, books, government documents, statistical directories, grey literature, research reports, conference papers, web content, and more. • 1492 Spanish discovery of Lucayan Archipelago, Hispaniola and Cuba. It is home to  approximately sixteen million citizens, 60% of whom are under the age of 30,  and from the main ethnic groups of Indigenous Peoples, Africans, Indians, Europeans, Chinese and Portuguese. Our History In 1968, Royal Caribbean Cruise Line was founded – and ever since then, we've been changing the way the world cruises. Genocide, slavery, immigration, and rivalry between world powers have given Caribbean history an impact disproportionate to its size. Caribbean sugar production became relatively expensive in comparison to other parts of the world that developed their own sugar cultivation industries, making it difficult for Caribbean sugar products to compete. A subscription based service, E-Books Central combines several databases under a new name. However, current research tends to move away from this stepping-stone model[15] in favour of the southward route hypothesis. The Caribbean region is made up of both independent countries and dependent territories which are divided into five geographical regions: The islands are located in the Greater Antilles; Lesser Antilles; North American Continental Shelf, or South America Continental Shelf. [4] They are considered to belong to the Ortoiroid archaeological tradition, named after the similar but much more recent Ortoire site in Mayoro, Trinidad. The British-controlled islands in particular benefited from investments in the infrastructure of colonies. The first inhabitants of Puerto Rico were hunter-gatherers who reached the island more than 1,000 years before the arrival of the Spanish. If there were no hostages, corsairs demanded ransoms in exchange for sparing towns from destruction. He and other slave traders methodically packed slaves by having them lay on their sides, spooned against one another. Their citizens are considered full French citizens with the same legal rights. It was well into the 19th century before many slaves in the Caribbean were legally free. A little bit of the Caribbean History: Timeline . [19], The period after 800 AD can be seen as a period of transition in which status differentiation and hierarchically ranked society evolved, which can be identified by a shift from achieved to ascribed leadership. The first ships carrying indentured labourers for sugarcane plantations left India in 1836. They are self governing territories subject to Congress plenary powers over the territories. Includes references to all publications of the U.S. Geological Survey. These treaties leave the enforcement of labour, tax, health and safety, and environmental laws under the control of the registry, or "flag" country, which in practical terms means that such regulations seldom result in penalties against the merchant ship. This archive of audio recordings covers the period 1988-2011, Over 1,200 images, maps and texts from the 18th and 19th centuries reveal contrasting experiences of life in the former British colonies. They also share the humanist values promoted by the French language. The Cayman Islands, Bahamas, Antigua, Bermuda, and St. Vincent are among the top 11 flags of convenience in the world. Hence Trinidad was the only Caribbean Island that could have been colonised by indigenous people from the South American mainland by not traversing hundreds or thousands kilometres of open sea. John (USVI) [USA] -Lesser Antilles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -Lesser Antilles, Saint Martin   (France Outre Mer *) -Lesser Antilles, Sint Eustatius [Netherlands] -Lesser Antilles, Sint Maarten [Netherlands] -Lesser Antilles, Turks and Caicos Islands [UK] -NA Continental Shelf, Water Island (USVI) [USA] - Lesser Antilles. This video shows the colonization and history of the Caribbean, from the arrival of Christopher Columbus to present day. This timeline was created to document the events in the history of the Caribbean. British and French West Indies: 1612-1664: The first English settlement on any island in the west Atlantic is the result of an accident. In economic terms, the United States represents a primary market for the export of Caribbean goods. [33], While Frenchmen and Spaniards fought one another in Europe and the Caribbean, England sided with Spain, largely because of dynastic alliances. In the Spanish American wars of independence in the early nineteenth century, most of Spanish America broke away from the Spanish Empire, but Cuba and Puerto Rico remained under the Spanish crown until the Spanish–American War of 1898. The development of large-scale shipping to compete with other ports in Central and South America ran into several obstacles during the 20th century. Our History In 1968, Royal Caribbean Cruise Line was founded – and ever since then, we've been changing the way the world cruises. The U.S.-owned United Fruit Company operated a fleet of "banana boats" in the region that doubled as tourist transportation. The old die with their knowledge; the young die without the benefit of what they could have learned. Castaways from an English vessel, wrecked on its way to Virginia in 1609, find safety on Bermuda. This resource brings together manuscripts, printed and visual primary source materials for the study of 'Empire' and its theories, practices, and consequences. During their brief reign, the Church of England was again subject to the pope's authority. The original inhabitants of Jamaica are the Arawaks, believed to have arrived from South America some 2,500 years ago. Ports both large and small were built throughout the Caribbean during the colonial era. Corsair port raids in Cuba and elsewhere in the region usually followed the rescate (ransom) model, whereby the aggressors seized villages and cities, kidnapped local residents, and demanded payment for their release. [22] Trinidad was inhabited by both Carib speaking and Arawak-speaking groups. Search tool for scholarly literature in world history outside North America. [33], French corsair attacks began in the early 1520s, as soon as France declared war on Spain in 1521. [56] The cities that did exist offered limited opportunities to citizens and almost none for the unskilled masses who had worked in agriculture their entire lives. Through financial and technical support for countries working to reduce poverty and inequality, we help improve health and education, and advance infrastructure. Access to historical periodicals published from 1684 to1912. The products produced brought in no profits for the countries since they were sold to the colonial occupant buyer who controlled the price the products were sold at. It is important to note that the United States is also of strategic interest to the Caribbean. [33], One of the most valuable ideological weapons of the Reformation and wars against Catholic Spain was the "Black Legend," the systematic denigration of Spain and its people, culture, and religion. It became widely popular in the 18th century, then graduated to becoming a necessity in the 19th century. The Community is multi-lingual; with English as the major language complemented by French and Dutch  and  variations of these, as well as African and Indian expressions. The French language and its humanist values represent the two cornerstones on which the International Organisation of La Francophonie is based. Search the complete digital edition of The Times (London) using keyword searching and hit-term highlighting to retrieve full images of either a specific article or a complete page. [33], English incursions in the Spanish-claimed Caribbean boomed during Queen Elizabeth's rule. Articles from a large collection of newspapers worldwide. (source:website), The history of the British Caribbean is explored in this exhibition through government documents, photographs and maps dating from the 17th century to the 1920s and discovered during a cataloguing project at The National Archives of the United Kingdom. As stated in the Convention Establishing the ACS, its primary purpose is to be an organization for “consultation, cooperation and concerted action” for its member countries. ", Cromwell, Jesse. [33], The first recorded incursion in the Caribbean happened in 1528, when a lone French corsair vessel appeared off the coast of Santo Domingo and its crew sacked the village of San Germán on the western coast of Puerto Rico. You can do this either from the Advanced Search page (use the Material Type drop-down menu on the right) or from a search results page (use the Resource Type limiter). For more information about all countries and territories, select the 'Country Reports' tab, Anegada (British Virgin Islands, BVI) [UK] -Lesser Antilles, Bonaire [Netherlands] -SA Continental Shelf, Curaçao [Netherlands] -SA Continental Shelf, Gayane (France Outre Mer *) - Mainland South America, Guadeloupe [France Outre Mer] -Lesser Antilles, Jost Van Dyke (BVI) [UK] -Lesser Antilles, Martinique [France outre mer] -Lesser Antilles, Saint Barthélemy  (France Outre Mer *) -Lesser Antilles, Saint. Archive of full-text scholarly journal articles in a broad range of academic disciplines. This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Caribbean History, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Online full-text search capabilities and digital imaging permits the user to search and manipulate this information in ways never before possible. Online encyclopedia of world geography and culture. 1494 Christopher Columbus lands in Jamaica. Guadeloupe and Martinique are French overseas regions, a legal status that they have had since 1946. 1510 The first Spanish settlers arrive in Jamaica. The spread of the plantations and European settlement often meant the end of many Maroon communities, although they survived on Saint Vincent and Dominica, and in the more remote mountainous areas of Jamaica, Hispaniola, Guadeloupe and Cuba.[58]. This timeline was created to document the events in the history of the Caribbean. CDB intends to be the leading catalyst for development resources into the Region, working in an efficient, responsive and collaborative manner with our Borrowing Member Countries (BMCs) and other development partners, towards the systematic reduction of poverty in their countries through social and economic development. Facebook. Santiago, Cuba founded Updates of major political events since the last edition are included in notes. Jamaica is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles, in the Caribbean. [24][25], The other European powers established a presence in the Caribbean after the Spanish Empire declined, partly due to the reduced native population of the area from European diseases. "[38][a] "From the earliest days of slavery, indiscriminate sales and separation severely disrupted the domestic life of individual slaves. Access the combined titles from Internet Archive and Open Library, more than a million free titles. The majority of slaves were brought to the Caribbean colonies between 1701 and 1810. By Tim Lambert. Black passengers were assigned to inferior cabins, were sometimes denied bookings, and were expected to eat meals early before white passengers. Men, women and children who were already enslaved in the British Empire remained slaves, however, until Britain passed the Slavery Abolition Act in 1833. Ethnographic collections covering all aspects of cultural and social life. The following table lists slave rebellions that resulted in actual violent uprisings: Haiti, the former French colony of Saint-Domingue on Hispaniola, was the first Caribbean nation to gain independence from European powers in 1804. [50][51][52][53], The New World plantations were established in order to fulfill the growing needs of the Old World. This exhibition looks at the history of the British Caribbean through Colonial Office government documents held at The National Archives, focusing on the period between 1780 and 1926. [33], The development of agriculture in the Caribbean required a large workforce of manual labourers, which the Europeans found by taking advantage of the slave trade in Africa. # Physiographically, Bermuda is an isolated oceanic island in the North Atlantic Ocean, not a part of the Antilles, West Indies, Caribbean, North American continental mainland or South American continental mainland. In the 20th century the Caribbean was again important during World War II, in the decolonization wave after the war, and in the tension between Communist Cuba and the United States. Sewage systems and public water supplies were built, and death rates in the islands dropped sharply. Public libraries were established in large towns and capital cities.[63]. Communities of escaped slaves, who were known as Maroons, banded together in heavily forested and mountainous areas of the Greater Antilles and some of the islands of the Lesser Antilles. Columbus and his fellow explorers make landfall on the largest of the Caribbean islands, Cuba Go to Columbus, Christopher (c. 1451–1506) in A Dictionary of World History (2 ed.) Expert analysis and commentary on international policy (covering 1920-1979), from Chatham House, the world-leading center for policy research on international affairs. Post-independence economic needs, particularly in the aftermath of the end of preferential agricultural trade ties with Europe, led to a boom in the development of the tourism industry in the 1980s and thereafter. As an extension of this, Caribbean states do not wish to be excluded from their primary market in the United States, or be bypassed in the creation of "wider hemispheric trading blocs" that stand to drastically alter trade and production in the Caribbean Basin. This resulted in extremely low wages with no potential for growth since the occupant nations had no intention of selling the products at a higher price to themselves.[57]. In 1509, Prince Henry of England married Princess Catherine of Aragon and soon thereafter they were crowned king and queen. Caribbean history underwent a fundamental change with the arrival of Fidel Castro. [33], Spain's relations with England further soured upon the crowning of Elizabeth in 1558. (Oxford, 1987); and J. Rogozinski, A Brief History of the Caribbean: From the Arawak and Carib to the Present (New York, 2000). A massive collection of document from the 18th Century. The new system in place however was similar to the previous as it was based on white capital and colored labor. These were former pirates who now held a more venerable status as privateers. However, recent studies have revealed that crops and pottery were already present in some Archaic Caribbean populations before the arrival of the Saladoid. "Key to the Indies: Port Cities in the Spanish Caribbean: 1493-1550. After the Cuban revolution of 1959 relations deteriorated rapidly leading to the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis and successive US attempts to destabilise the island. Her successor, Elizabeth, actually rejected a plan to continue the Anglo-Spanish dynastic union when she refused to consider marrying Philip; she was to remain virgin and Protestant. 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